Which of the following represents a major risk associated with the use of phenytoin?

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Phenytoin poses significant risks during pregnancy, categorized as a pregnancy category D medication. This classification indicates that there is substantial evidence of potential harm to the fetus based on human data. The use of phenytoin during pregnancy can lead to fetal hydantoin syndrome, which includes a range of malformations, including cardiac defects and facial abnormalities, as well as developmental delays.

This understanding reinforces the importance of careful consideration and weighing the benefits against risks when prescribing phenytoin to pregnant patients. Likewise, it emphasizes the need for adequate counseling regarding its impacts on pregnancy for both women of childbearing age and those planning to become pregnant, ensuring informed decision-making in their treatment plans.

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