Which medication is effective in the treatment of acute migraine attacks?

Sumatriptan is effective in treating acute migraine attacks because it is a specific medication classified as a triptan. Triptans work by activating serotonin receptors in the brain, particularly the 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D subtypes. This activation leads to the constriction of dilated blood vessels in the brain, reducing the headache by counteracting the vasodilation that is part of the migraine pathophysiology. Additionally, sumatriptan helps inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides, further alleviating migraine symptoms. It is specifically designed for acute treatment, making it a first-line option for individuals experiencing moderate to severe migraine attacks.

Other medications mentioned, such as aspirin and ibuprofen, are non-specific pain relievers that can help alleviate migraine symptoms but are generally less effective than triptans in treating acute attacks. Gabapentin, on the other hand, is typically used for chronic pain and neuropathic conditions rather than for acute migraine treatment, as it does not directly target the mechanisms involved in acute migraine attacks.