Which drug class is indicated for treating acute migraine attacks?

Triptans are specifically designed to treat acute migraine attacks and are considered the first-line treatment for this condition. They work by targeting serotonin receptors, particularly the 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors, which leads to vasoconstriction of cranial blood vessels and reduces the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides. This dual action helps alleviate the headache and associated symptoms such as nausea and sensitivity to light and sound that accompany a migraine attack.

While antiemetics can help manage nausea associated with migraines, they do not directly address the headache itself. NSAIDs and analgesics are non-specific pain relievers that can also be used for migraines; however, they may not be as effective for all patients as triptans, particularly for moderate to severe migraine episodes. Triptans, therefore, are the optimal choice for effectively addressing the acute symptoms of migraine attacks, making them the preferred drug class in this scenario.