What is the primary action of beta-blockers in neurological disorders?

Beta-blockers primarily function by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the body's beta-adrenergic receptors. This action leads to a decrease in heart rate and helps to manage symptoms of anxiety. In neurological conditions where anxiety is a significant component—for instance, performance anxiety or anxiety occurring alongside neurological disorders—beta-blockers can be useful. They help by reducing the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as a racing heart and tremors, leading to improved overall functioning.

The other choices focus on mechanisms that are not primarily associated with beta-blocker action. For example, beta-blockers do not improve memory retention, increase dopamine levels, or enhance serotonin production, which are all actions related to different classes of medications, such as certain antidepressants or stimulants. Thus, the ability of beta-blockers to decrease heart rate and alleviate anxiety symptoms is what makes them valuable in the context of neurological disorders.