What essential nursing intervention is required when monitoring a patient on phenytoin?

The essential nursing intervention when monitoring a patient on phenytoin involves monitoring complete blood counts. Phenytoin has been associated with potential hematological side effects, including leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and other blood dyscrasias. Regular monitoring of the complete blood count (CBC) can help identify any changes in blood cell levels early on, allowing for timely intervention should any abnormalities arise.

This is particularly crucial because the risk of these side effects increases with long-term use or higher doses of phenytoin. By routinely assessing CBCs, nurses can ensure that any complications are managed promptly, thereby maintaining the patient’s safety and overall health during treatment with phenytoin.