What does the term "neuroleptic" refer to in pharmacology?

The term "neuroleptic" specifically refers to a class of medications known as antipsychotics. These drugs are primarily used to manage psychosis and other serious mental health disorders, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Neuroleptics work by altering the effects of neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine. They help reduce the acute symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations and delusions, and can also play a role in long-term management of these conditions.

In contrast, analgesic medications are used for pain relief, antidepressants are intended to treat depression and anxiety disorders, and stimulants primarily affect attention and are often used in the treatment of ADHD. Each of these categories targets different neurological or physiological pathways, showing that neuroleptics occupy a unique niche in the pharmacological management of mental health disorders.